Know each compound

A plain-language summary of each featured peptide, including what research has explored and where the evidence stands.

• GHK-Cu

  Copper Peptide

  GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding peptide that has attracted significant interest in skincare, skin rejuvenation, and tissue-repair research. It is studied for its potential to support collagen and elastin production, promote a firmer-looking complexion, improve the appearance of fine lines, and support skin remodeling. Its role in extracellular-matrix regulation makes it particularly interesting for cosmetic formulations focused on skin texture, elasticity, and a more youthful appearance.

• Retatrutide

  Retatrutide is an investigational medication designed to activate three metabolic hormone receptors: GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon. This triple-action mechanism has generated substantial interest in weight-management research, particularly for its potential to reduce body weight, regulate appetite, and improve metabolic health. Clinical trials have demonstrated substantial weight reduction in participants with obesity, making retatrutide an important area of research into next-generation obesity treatments.

• Tirzepatide

  Tirzepatide is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist that has established clinical applications in type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. By acting on pathways involved in appetite regulation, glucose control, and energy balance, it can help eligible patients achieve meaningful weight reduction and improved blood-sugar management. Its dual-hormone mechanism makes it a significant development in metabolic medicine, particularly for people seeking medically supported approaches to obesity and related metabolic conditions.

• BPC-157

  BPC-157 is an experimental peptide that has attracted interest in preclinical research involving tissue repair, gastrointestinal biology, and musculoskeletal recovery. Researchers have investigated its potential effects on cellular signaling, blood-vessel formation, and processes involved in tissue healing. These areas of investigation have made BPC-157 a subject of interest in regenerative-medicine research, although its proposed benefits in humans have not yet been established through robust clinical trials.

• CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin

  CJC-1295 and ipamorelin are peptides studied for their effects on growth-hormone signaling. CJC-1295 is a growth-hormone-releasing hormone analog, while ipamorelin acts on the ghrelin receptor to stimulate growth-hormone release. Their complementary mechanisms have attracted interest in research involving the growth-hormone axis, body composition, and physiological recovery. The combination is often discussed in wellness and fitness settings, although evidence that it improves muscle growth, fat loss, or recovery in healthy adults remains limited.

• Tesamorelin

  Tesamorelin is a synthetic growth-hormone-releasing hormone analog with an established medical application in reducing excess abdominal visceral fat in adults with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. It stimulates the body’s own growth-hormone pathway, influencing processes involved in fat metabolism and body composition. Its ability to reduce visceral adipose tissue in its approved indication makes it particularly relevant to research and clinical discussions about abdominal fat distribution and metabolic health.

• CJC-1295 with DAC

  CJC-1295 with DAC is a longer-acting growth-hormone-releasing hormone analog designed to extend exposure to the compound compared with shorter-acting formulations. Research has examined its ability to increase growth-hormone secretion and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels over an extended period. These effects have made it relevant to scientific investigations of the growth-hormone axis and its role in body composition and metabolism. Benefits such as improved muscle development, sleep, or recovery in healthy individuals remain insufficiently established.

• Sermorelin

  Sermorelin is a synthetic peptide made of the first 29 amino acids of growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). It stimulates the pituitary gland to release the body’s own growth hormone. Its branded product, Geref, was FDA-approved for children with growth hormone deficiency and for diagnostic testing, and was discontinued by its manufacturer in 2008 for commercial reasons, not because of safety or effectiveness concerns. Compounded versions are not FDA-approved finished products, and evidence that sermorelin improves muscle growth, fat loss, sleep, or longevity in healthy adults remains limited.

• NAD+

  Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme involved in cellular energy production, mitochondrial metabolism, and numerous biochemical reactions that maintain normal cellular function. Research into NAD+-related therapies explores how supporting these pathways might influence energy metabolism, cellular resilience, and aspects of healthy aging. NAD+ is especially interesting in longevity research because of its central role in cellular metabolism, although evidence that NAD+ supplementation or injections produce meaningful anti-aging benefits in humans remains inconclusive.

• Glutathione

  Glutathione is one of the body’s principal endogenous antioxidants and plays an important role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. It also contributes to normal detoxification pathways and helps maintain cellular redox balance. In dermatology, glutathione has been investigated for its potential effects on pigmentation, skin brightness, and the appearance of uneven skin tone. These properties have made it a subject of interest in both cellular-health research and cosmetic skincare, although the strength of clinical evidence varies by formulation and intended use.

• KPV

  KPV is a short peptide fragment derived from alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that has attracted interest for its potential anti-inflammatory properties. Preclinical research has explored its effects on inflammatory signaling, intestinal inflammation, and the integrity of gastrointestinal tissues. Its relatively small peptide structure and biological activity have made it an area of interest in research focused on inflammatory pathways and intestinal health. Further human research is needed to determine whether these experimental findings translate into meaningful clinical benefits.

• MT-2

  Melanotan II

  Melanotan II is a synthetic peptide that acts on melanocortin receptors involved in pigmentation and other physiological processes. It has been investigated for its ability to stimulate melanin production, which can lead to increased skin pigmentation. Its effects on melanocortin pathways have also generated scientific interest beyond pigmentation. For a cosmetic-information page, its best-established research topic is its influence on pigmentation biology rather than a claim that it provides safe or predictable tanning outcomes.

• Semaglutide

  Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist with established medical uses in type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management, depending on the product and indication. It helps regulate blood glucose and influences appetite and satiety, allowing eligible patients to reduce calorie intake and achieve clinically meaningful weight loss. Semaglutide has become an important treatment option in metabolic medicine, with additional clinical applications for certain patients based on their cardiovascular and other health conditions.

• TB-500

  TB-500 is a name used for products associated with thymosin beta-4, a naturally occurring protein involved in cellular movement and tissue biology. Thymosin beta-4 has been investigated in preclinical and clinical research related to cell migration, tissue remodeling, wound healing, and ocular-surface repair. These biological roles have generated interest in regenerative medicine. However, the evidence for specific benefits attributed to commercially marketed TB-500 products, particularly for muscle recovery, tendon healing, or athletic performance, remains limited.

• DSIP

  Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide

  Delta sleep-inducing peptide, or DSIP, is a short peptide originally investigated for its possible relationship with sleep regulation. Research has explored its potential influence on sleep patterns, neuroendocrine activity, and physiological responses associated with stress. Its proposed connection to sleep biology has made it an interesting subject in experimental research on sleep and circadian regulation. However, findings have been inconsistent, and its effectiveness as a treatment for insomnia or as a means of improving restorative sleep has not been firmly established.